World Cup Stories-Part 3 (The Third World Cup 1938)-part n

Post World Cup and General (continued)

-Leonidas’ success led to ‘Lacta’ chocolate to create the  ‘Diamante Negro’ (Black Diamond) chocolate with Leonidas.

Leonidas had received many nicknames from Journalists. One of them was ‘Homme Gomme’ (Rubber Man).

The nickname ‘Black Diamond’ was given by Uruguayans in Penarol in 1932. He in fact did not have the legal property of the name. Even after receiving a large sum from ‘Lacta’ Chocolate, he had no share in the profits in the following decades.

Apparently, Pele had been wary of this situation and had his nickname trademarked at age of 20.

Photo From: Historias Sudamericanas en la Copa del Mundo 1930-2006

(Leonidas)

-The Brazilian Elba de Pádua Lima, Tim, would manage Peru in the 1982 World Cup in Spain.

As a player he missed out on playing vs. Poland and Italy in the 1938 World Cup, but as Manager he played against both team sin the 1982 World Cup.

The 44 years between the World Cups, is the longest interval ever between an individual's World Cup participations, and the longest World Cup career overall.

Photo From: Coupe Du Monde 1938-La Coupe du Monde Oubliee, Author Victor Sinet

(Tim)

-Brazil’s matches were followed home live by Radio. Leonardo Gagliano Netto (1911-1974) narrated the matches.

He was from the Byington network - formed by the PRA-3 and Cruzeiro do Sul PRD-2 radio stations (both from Rio), plus its subsidiaries Cosmos PRE-7 and Cruzeiro do Sul PRB-6 from Sao Paulo). The Santos PRB-4 radio club entered as an associated broadcaster and, as the National Team progressed in the World Cup, other Stations were integrated into the group. In the main cities, loudspeakers were installed in open locations so that fans could listen.

The voice arrived in Brazil by short waves (the antennas had to be manually directed to capture them) and the sponsor was the Urea Casino in Rio. The cost of each transmission (intercontinental telephone line rental) was: 100 Millions of Reis.

-Brazil Manager Adhemar Pinto would be criticized for not being up to date with modern tactics. Most nations had adapted the WM tactical formation, while Pimenta was still experimenting with the out-dated  Pyramid System.

This system was defensively unsound and deemed unsophisticated in the new landscape of World Football.

In terms of Organization, unlike the chaos associated with the 1930 and 1934 Tournaments, Brazil were more organized this time around.

The consensus was they had learned from their past mistakes and had planned better even in training, organizing the trip, etc.

-Brazil’s Domingos Da Guia was reported to be the highest paid Football player at the time.

He was Champion in Uruguay with Nacional Montevideo in 1933 and Champion of Rio de Janeiro State League with Vasco Da Gama in 1934.

He became Champions with Argentina’s Boca Juniors in 1935. Thus becoming Champions in three different Nations.

Photo From: L'Auto, Issue 13665, May 20, 1938

(Domingos Da Guia)

-The Brazil National team returned home on the ‘Almanzora’ ship amid much fanfare.

The ‘Almanzora’ made stops at Recife and Salvador. In Bahia a fan removed Leonidas' shoe to take it as a souvenir. On July 2^nd, 1938 at Rio, at 3:30 PM,  ‘Almanzora’ began to dock at the port, and the police had difficulty maintaining the cordon of isolation that prevented the public from approaching the pier.

The players paraded in open cars along Rio Branco Avenue. Leonidas was driven into a Marine Corps troop carrier, heavily guarded by an entire brigade of the military. There were so many people that "the police had to use energy means to break the mass," (something lost in translation..) according to the newspaper Estado de S. Paulo.

 

-Brazil’s next match vs. a European opponent would be during the 1950 World Cup vs. Switzerland on home soil.

Brazil’s next match on European soil would be in 1954.

-German Manager Josef 'Sepp' Herberger would lead West Germany to World Cup triumph during the 1954 World Cup.

This 1938 World Cup would be the only time that a Pre-War (Pozzo) and Post-War (Herberger) World Cup winning managers took part.

-German backup goalkeeper Fritz Buchloch would become the Manager of the Iceland National Team in 1948.

He would be the first German Sportsman to go abroad after World War II.

-The German (actually Austrian) Wilhelm Hahnemann was also employed by the Sports Department of the City of Vienna.

In 1949 in the Turkish Capital Ankara, he was condemned to six months in prison for smuggling. Upon his release in August 1949, it was discovered that he was actually innocent and may have taken the blame for his friends.

Photo From: Deutschlands Fussball Landerspiele, Eine Dokumentation von 1908-1989

(Wilhelm Hahnemann)

-Germany’s Paul Janes was in the German Navy during the War. He became the record holder as Captain on November 22^nd, 1942 (Germany 5-Slovakia 2) by bypassing Fritz Szepan (Janes’ 31^st match as Captain).

He was Germany’s record holder of Caps (71) until Uwe Seeler overtook him in the early 1970s.

Photo From: Deutschlands Fussball Nationalspieler, Das Lexicon, Author Jurgen Bitter

(Paul Janes)

-Germany’s Andreas Kupfer was the only player to have played Germany’s last International match before the end of World War II, as well as the first match after the War in 1950. He was Germany’s Captain for that match in 1950 vs. Switzerland.

Photo From: Deutschlands Fussball Nationalspieler, Das Lexicon, Author Jurgen Bitter

(Andreas Kupfer)

-France’s Raoul Diagne was the son of a Senegalese Deputy who was studying in France.

He was the first player of color to play for France (February 15^th, 1931 vs. Czechoslovakia).

-France’s Hector Cazenave was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. He was naturalized in 1937.

Photo From: Coupe Du Monde 1938-La Coupe du Monde Oubliee, Author Victor Sinet

(Hector Cazenave)

-France’s Auguste ‘Gusti’ Jordan was Austrian-born (born in Linz).

He arrived in France in 1933 and was naturalized in 1935.

He was jailed by the Germans during the War, because he had played for France as an Austrian.

Photo From: Coupe Du Monde 1938-La Coupe du Monde Oubliee, Author Victor Sinet

(Gusti Jordan)

-France’s Oscar Heisserer became the very first Manager in the history of Olympique Lyonnais.

Photo From: Coupe Du Monde 1938-La Coupe du Monde Oubliee, Author Victor Sinet

(Oscar Heisserer)

-During the World Cup, French goalkeeper Laurent Di Lorto superstitiously kept with him a Virgin Mary Medallion given to him by a fan.

French captain Etienne Mattler similarly kept with him a horseshoe given to him by a group of fans at Chantilly.

Photo From: Coupe Du Monde 1938-La Coupe du Monde Oubliee, Author Victor Sinet

(Etienne Mattler)

Photo From: L'Auto, Issue 13688, June 12, 1938

(A carton of Laurent Di Lorto)

-Hungary’s Ferenc Sas (March 15 (or August 16), 1915- September 3, 1988) went to Argentina after the World Cup and joined Boca Juniors. He would be named Francisco Sohn.

Photo From: L'Auto, Issue 13688, June 12, 1938

(A cartoon of Ferenc Sas)

-Sweden’s Torre Keller had been present in the 1924 Olympics in Paris.

Photo From: L'Auto, Issue 13692, June 16, 1938

(Jozsef Nagy and Tore Keller)

-Holland had the youngest (Bertus de Harder, 18 years old), as well as the oldest (Wim Anderiesen, 34 years old) players in the World Cup.

Photo From: de Internationals, de Historie van Oranje, Authors Matty Verkamman, Henri van der Steen, John Volkers

(Bertus de Harder)

Photo From: de Internationals, de Historie van Oranje, Authors Matty Verkamman, Henri van der Steen, John Volkers

(Wim Anderiesen)

-Belgium’s Jean Petit (February 25, 1914-June 5, 1944), who was also a doctor, was killed on June 5^th, 1944 while riding his bicycle visiting a patient during a bombing raid in Liege.

He was the brother of Roger Petit, Standard Liege player and later General Secretary of the Club who would be implicated in the Standard-Waterschei scandal of 1984.

-Norway Coach Asbjorn Halvorsen (December 3, 1898-January 16, 1955) was responsible for the sports boycott in Norway during the Nazi occupation.

He was arrested and placed in various Concentration Camps during the occupation.

Photo From: IFFHS-Norge  (1908-1940), Suomi (1911-1940)-Essti (1920-1940)

(Norway Manager Asbjorn Halvorsen)

-Norway’s Odd Frantzen (Janaury 20, 1913-October 2, 1977) was beaten to death in his home during a home intrusion in 1977. The assailant was convicted of manslaughter.

-Norway’s Reidar Kvammen (July 23, 1914-October 27, 1998) was a Police Officer. During the war, he was sent to various Concentration Camps until the end of the war.

At the time of the World Cup, It had been reported that Arsenal had shown an interest in him.

Photo From: Landslaget, Det Norske Fotballandslagets Historie, authors Egil Olsen, Arne Scheie,Per Jorsett, Otto Ulseth, 1997

(Reidar Kvammen)

-Norway’s Kristian Henriksen (March 3, 1911-February 8, 2004) became the National Team Manager of Norway (1958-1959). He was the last surviving member of Norway’s 1938 World Cup squad.

-Switzerland’s Erwin Ballabio would be appointed as National Team Manager on May 24^th, 1967. He replaced the Italian Alfredo Foni, one of Italy’s starters in this 1938 World Cup.

-The Swiss returned home on June 14 and received an enthusiastic reception.

In Basel the players were welcomed in the presence of a large crowd from the Social Democratic Party President.

In Zurich, a delegation from the city government invited the team to lunch at which Emil Kloti, the Social Democratic Party City President, gave a speech. In Geneva, Servette players were welcomed in their hometown by a government delegation.

A member of the Grasshopper Club donated the sum of 1,000 Swiss Francs for the players.

The squad were now called the "heathen of Paris".

A week later, in Berne, before the Grasshoppers' match against Servette, Federal Minister Rudolf Minger gave them "the greetings of the state government and of the entire people".

No other sporting event has experienced such a reception in Switzerland as the victory against "Great Germany".

It has also been referenced in Swiss Literary works such as Otto F. Walter ‘s "Zeit des Fasans" (1988) and Ticino Giovanni Orelli’s "Il sogno di Walaschek" (1991).

The German Matti Lieske made the game the backdrop of a short story.

In Walther Kauer's “Schachteltraum” (1974), the game of Paris is merged with a friendly game against Germany from Apri1, 1941 to a fictitious game in the middle of the 1930's.

Many other figures within Swiss culture (living at the time), remember exactly what they were doing when the match was played.

-Juan Tuñas (February 1, 1917-April 4, 2011) was the last surviving member of Cuba’s squad.

He had moved to Mexico after the World Cup and remained in Mexico City after retirement.

-Dutch East Indies’ Frans Alfred Meeng (January 18, 1910-September 18, 1944) was killed when the Japanese Cargo ship Jun’yo Maru was torpedoed by the British submarine HMS Tradewind.

-Poland’s Jerzy (Wilhelm) Piec (January 7 (or November 2), 1915-April 4, 1954) and Ryszard Leon Piec (August 17, 1913-January 24, 1979) were brothers.

Switzerland’s Georges Aeby (September 21, 1913-December 15, 1999) and Paul Aeby (September 10, 1910-unknown) were brothers.

-After the war, Poland’s Ernest Willimowski was regarded as a traitor by the new Polish Communist Government. He was not allowed to visit Poland afterwards. He would eventually settle in Karlsruhe.

During the 1974 World Cup in West Germany, Willimowski had wanted to visit the Polish squad but was refused permission by Polish Officials.

He did however meet Poland’s manager Kazimierz Gorski in a hotel at Murrhardt where Poland were based.

However, Gorski was forced to greet him in a cold manner as he was being observed by a Polish security agent.

Photo From: IFFHS-Russia (1912-1920), Soviet Union (1923-1940),Polska (1921-1940), Lietuva(1923-1940)

(Ernst Willimowski)

-The lives of many of Poland’s National Team were affected by the Second World War.

Gerard Wodarz (August 10, 1913- November 8, 1982) signed the German Nationality List (Volksliste) after the German Invasion and Occupation in 1939.

He was mobilized by the German Army in 1941. He was captured in 1944 by the American Army. He was transferred to the Polish Forces of the West.

Jan Karol Wasiewicz (January 6, 1911-November 9, 1976) fought for Poland after the German Invasion in 1939. He escaped to Hungary and eventually made his way to England. He joined Poland’s Western Forces and fought later in the ‘1st Polish Infantry Battalion’. He would move to England after the war and in 1949 to Argentina for the rest of his life.

Fryderyk Egon Scherfke (Szerfke) (September 7, 1909-September 15, 1983), as an ethnic German, was mobilized by the German Army in 1940.

He was sent to the Eastern Front in 1943 and then to Yugoslavia, where he was wounded in January 1945. He was captured by the British and then released on July 25^th, 1945. He settled in West Germany after his release.

Leonard Franciszek Piatek (Piontek) (October 3, 1913-July 1, 1967), as an ethnic German signed the German Nationality List (Volksliste).

After the war he changed his name to the Polish Piątek and returned to Poland.

     

Antoni Andrzej Lyko (May 27, 1907-June 3, 1941) was arrested by the Gestapo and taken to Auschwitz where he would be executed on June 3^rd, 1941.

Erwin Ginter (Edward Piotr) Nyc (May 24, 1914-May 1, 1988), as an ethnic German, was mobilized by the German Army.

After the War he returned to Poland. He was initially regarded as a traitor but many players vouched for him that he had helped the Polish underground during the War.

Poland goalkeeper Edward Madejski (August 11, 1914-February 15, 1996) was not registered to any club during the World Cup. He was banned by the Polish League due to a scandal related to his transfer from Wisla Krakow to Gerbarnia Krakow.

During the War he was involved in a number of illegal Soccer tournaments that had been banned by the Germans. He was arrested by the Gestapo and was actually on death row for some time.

In 1956, the Polish Communist Government would arrest him for espionage and sabotage. He would be imprisoned for three years. After many years he would be exonerated.

Józef Franciszek Korbas (November 11, 1914-October 2, 1981) was arrested by the Germans in 1942 and sent to Auschwitz and then to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp. He survived and then returned to Poland.

Boleslaw Józef Habowski (September 13, 1914-May 21, 1979) was captured by the Soviets in 1939 and taken to Siberia. He would join the Polish Army in the Soviet Union in 1942. He would eventually make his way to England and settle there.

Wilhelm Antoni Góra (January 18, 1916-May 21, 1975), as an ethnic German, signed the German Nationality List (Volksliste).

He was mobilized by the German Army and transferred to Italy, where he was captured by the Allied Army. He would join the 2^nd Corps of the Polish Army.

He remained in West Germany after the War.

Edmund Giemza (Giemsa) (October 16, 1912-September 30, 1994) was mobilized by the German Army. He deserted and fought for the French Resistance and eventually joined the Polish Army. He settled in Britain after the War.

Photo From: IFFHS-Russia (1912-1920), Soviet Union (1923-1940),Polska (1921-1940), Lietuva(1923-1940)

(Edmund Giemsa)

Edward Dytko (October 18, 1914-June 13, 1993), as an ethnic German signed the German Nationality List (Volksliste). He was mobilized by the German Army in 1942. He was captured by the American Army in 1944. He returned to Poland after the War, but was initially regarded as a traitor by the new Polish Communist Government.

He was cleared after signing the declaration of loyalty to the Polish state.

Antoni Gałecki (June 4, 1906-December 14, 1958) was captured by the Germans in the beginning of the War. He escaped and made his way to Palestine and joined the Polish 2^nd Corps. He would fight in the war and afterwards return to Poland.

Photo From: IFFHS-Russia (1912-1920), Soviet Union (1923-1940),Polska (1921-1940), Lietuva(1923-1940)

(Antoni Galecki)

-The following players were also present during the 1930 World Cup:

Belgium: Arnold Badjou, Bernard Voorhoof

France: Etienne Mattler, Edmond Delfour, Emile Veinante

Romania:  Rudolf Burger, Nicolae Kovaci (aka Nicolae Kovacs), Ladislau Raffinsky

-The following Managers were present in the 1934 Edition as well:

France: Gaston Barreau (Coach, part of Technical Commission in 1934)

Holland: Robert Glendenning

Italy: Vittorio Pozzo

Sweden: Manager Jozsef Nagy

-The following players appeared in the 1936 Berlin Olympics:

Germany:  Fritz Buchloh, Josef Gauchel, Ludwig Goldbrunner, Hans Jakob, Ernst Lehner, Reinhold Munzenberg, Otto Siffling (on Stand by: Rudolf Gellesch, Paul Janes, Fritz Szepan)

Italy: Sergio Bertoni, Pietro Rava, Alfredo Foni, Ugo Locatelli, Manager Vittorio Pozzo

Norway: Henry Johansen, Nils Eriksen, Øivind Holmsen, Jorgen Juve, Rolf Holmberg, Sverre Hansen, Frithjof Ulleberg, Arne Brustad, Odd Frantzen, Magnar Isaksen, Reidar Kvammen, Alf Martinsen and Manager Asbjorn Halvorsen (on Stand by: Kristian Henriksen, Arne Ileby)

Poland: Antoni Gałecki, Władysław Szczepaniak, Edward Dytko, Wilhelm Antoni Góra, Jan Karol Wasiewicz, Fryderyk Egon Scherfke (Szerfke), Gerard Wodarz and FA Captain: Józef Kałuża (on Stand by: Edward Dominik Jerzy Madejski,  Jerzy (Wilhelm) Piec)

Sweden: Gustav Sjöberg, Karl-Erik Grahnm, Sven Jonasson and Erik Persson (on Stand by: Erik Almgren)